<p>In Sumerian literature Aratta is described as a fabulously wealthy place full of gold, silver, lapis lazuli and other precious materials, as well as the artisans to craft them. It is a land that appears in Sumerian myths surrounding Enmerkar and Lugalbanda, two early and possibly mythical kings of Uruk also mentioned on the Sumerian [&hellip;]</p>

<p>Throughout the ancient world and even for us today the concepts of Justice such as democracy, freedom and equality have always been female. To this day Lady Justice (Latin: Iustitia) stands in front of courtrooms, while her sister Libertas, the Goddess of Freedom, continues to hold the torch as the famous Statue of Liberty. Dingir [&hellip;]</p>

<p>The oldest existing, continually operating and first degree awarding educational institution in the world according to UNESCO and Guinness World Records is the University of al-Qarawiyyin or Karueein, founded in 859 AD in Fez, Morocco. The University of Bologna, Italy, was founded in 1088 and is the oldest one in Europe. The Sumerians had scribal [&hellip;]</p>

<p>Anu or An is the divine personification of the sky, supreme God, and ancestor of all the deities in ancient Mesopotamian religion. Anu was believed to be the supreme source of all authority, for the other gods and for all mortal rulers, and he is described in one text as the one &#8220;who contains the [&hellip;]</p>

<p>Tyr and Hel In Germanic mythology, Týr (Old Norse), Tíw (Old English), and Ziu (Old High German) is a god. Stemming from the Proto-Germanic deity *Tīwaz and ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European deity *Dyeus, little information about the god survives beyond Old Norse sources. Outside of its application as a theonym, the Old Norse common noun [&hellip;]</p>

<p>Shulaveri-Shomu culture is a Late Neolithic/Eneolithic culture that existed on the territory of present-day Georgia, Azerbaijan and the Armenian Highlands. The culture is dated to mid-6th or early-5th millennia BC and is thought to be one of the earliest known Neolithic cultures. The earliest evidence of domesticated grapes in the world has been found in [&hellip;]</p>

<p>Order the astonishing book &#8220;Hayastan &#8211; Why I Love Armenia&#8221; by Sven-Erik Rise today! Hayastan &#8211; Why I Love Armenia &#8220;When an honest-to-goodness Activist for Armenia, Armenian by Choice, and Guy-Who-Left-His-Heart-in-Armenia writes a book about his overriding passion, it becomes nearly impossible to stay within the confines of traditional literary genres. The content and message of [&hellip;]</p>

<p>At several sites (e.g. Hallan Çemi, Abu Hureyra, Mureybet) we can see a continuous occupation from a hunter-gathering lifestyle (based on hunting, and gathering and grinding of wild grains) to an economy based mainly on growing (still wild varieties of) wheat, barley and legumes from around 9000 BC. Domestication of goats and sheep followed within a few [&hellip;]</p>

<p>Hell Hell, in many religious and folkloric traditions, is a place of torment and punishment in the afterlife. Hell appears in several mythologies and religions. It is commonly inhabited by demons and the souls of dead people. Religions with a linear divine history often depict hells as eternal destinations while religions with a cyclic history [&hellip;]</p>

<p>Upper Mesopotamia Upper Mesopotamia is the name used for the uplands and great outwash plain of northwestern Iraq, northeastern Syria and southeastern Turkey, in the northern Middle East. The region extends south from the mountains of Anatolia, east from the hills on the left bank of the Euphrates river, west from the mountains on the [&hellip;]</p>

<p>Primitive trumpets of one form or another have been in existence for millennia; some of the predecessors of the modern instrument are now known to date back to the Neolithic era. The earliest of these primordial trumpets were adapted from animal horns and sea shells. For the most part, these primitive instruments were &#8220;natural trumpets&#8221;: [&hellip;]</p>

<p>The dragon-slaying myth and theme was an important motif in Sumer by 3000 BC, and the dragon-slaying epic influenced the myths of later groups, including the Babylonians and Akkadians. The dragon was worshipped, symbolising the element of water, fertility and wealth, and later became a frightful symbol of power. The Babylonian Epic of Creation centered principally around the slaying [&hellip;]</p>

<p>At an 14,400-year-old Natufian hunter-gatherer site &#8211; a site known as Shubayqa 1 located in the Black Desert in northeastern Jordan &#8211; researchers have discovered the charred remains of a flatbread baked by hunter-gatherers 14,400 years ago. It is the oldest direct evidence of bread found to date, predating the advent of agriculture by at [&hellip;]</p>

<p>According to A. Audin, who interprets the god as the issue of a long process of development, it started from two solar pillars located on the eastern side of temples, each of them marking the direction of the rising sun at the dates of the two solstices. The southeastern corresponding to the Winter and the northeastern [&hellip;]</p>

<p>Haplogroup J2 is thought to have appeared somewhere in the Middle East towards the end of the last glaciation, between 15,000 and 22,000 years ago. It is likely that J2 men had settled over most of Anatolia, the South Caucasus and Iran by the end of the Last Glaciation 12,000 years ago. The oldest known [&hellip;]</p>

<p>The Snake is a universal symbol of immortality and creativity in myth through out the ages and in virtually all lands inhabited by humans.  Many snakes shed their skin at various times, revealing a shiny new skin underneath.   Thus snakes have become symbols of rebirth, transformation, immortality, and healing.  We find images representing the [&hellip;]</p>

<p>Menneskeheten har blitt stadig mer brutal og krigen har blitt en del av våre liv. Vi lever i en verden med krig, sult, urett og forurensning. Viktige kjennetegn ved samfunnet som vi har i dag er blant annet privatisering, konkurranse, ekspansjon, frie markeder, profitt og stadig større konserner; på mange måten oppskriften til sosialdarwenisme, nyliberalisme [&hellip;]</p>

<p>The Trimūrti typically consist of Brahma (the ”creator”), Vishnu (the “preserver”), and Shiva (the “destroyer”), though individual denominations may vary from that particular line-up. When all three deities of the Trimurti incarnate into a single avatar known as Dattatreya. Maya (“magic” or “illusion”) originally denoted the magic power with which a god can make human beings believe in what turns out to be an illusion. [&hellip;]</p>

<p>Chaoskampf The motif of Chaoskampf (&#8220;struggle against chaos&#8221;) is ubiquitous in myth and legend, depicting a battle of a culture hero deity with a chaos monster, often in the shape of a serpent or dragon. The same term has also been extended to parallel concepts in the Middle East and North Africa, such as the [&hellip;]</p>

<p>Gobekli Tepe’s hilltop site was not defensive or residential and the indications are that it was a sacred area and that the two pillars outside the entrance of some of the circles represented a gateway between secular and religious ground. Three layers could be distinguished up to now at the site. The oldest Layer III [&hellip;]</p>